Which of the following best defines federalism?

Federalism is best defined as a dual system of sovereignty. This means that in a federal system, power and authority are divided between two levels of government: the national government and regional or state governments. Each level of government has its own responsibilities and can exercise authority independently within its designated areas. This division allows for a balance of power, giving states autonomy while still being part of a larger national framework.

In federal systems, both the national and state governments can legislate, regulate, and administer governmental functions, which creates a dynamic relationship between them. This structure aims to enhance the representation of diverse interests in a large nation by allowing different states or regions to govern themselves in ways that are more suited to their specific needs.

While the other options pertain to different forms of government or sovereignty, they do not capture the essence of federalism. For example, a system with no separation of powers typically refers to a more centralized form of governance, while a unitary government focuses solely on a single national authority. Absolute state sovereignty suggests that states operate independently without any overarching authority, which contradicts the collaborative nature of federalism. Thus, defining federalism as a dual system of sovereignty accurately conveys its core principles.