Which case resulted in a decision that prioritized national security over civil rights and liberties?

The case that prioritized national security over civil rights and liberties is Korematsu v. United States. In this landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the government's decision to intern Japanese Americans during World War II, deeming it a necessity for national security in the context of wartime. This ruling exemplified how, at times, the government may restrict individual rights in the name of protecting national interests, especially in extraordinary situations like war.

The backdrop of this decision involved the fear and distrust that arose following the attack on Pearl Harbor, leading the government to argue that the internment was a measure to prevent espionage and sabotage. The Court's ruling has been widely criticized for its implications on civil liberties and the extent to which national security can infringe upon individual rights, but it reflected the legal emphasis on national security during a time of crisis.