Which case is known for limiting state powers over segregation in education?

The case known for limiting state powers over segregation in education is Brown v. Board of Education. This landmark Supreme Court decision, issued in 1954, declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, effectively overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson. The unanimous ruling stated that segregation in public education created a sense of inferiority among African American children that undermined their educational opportunities. As a result, the Court mandated the desegregation of schools across the United States, significantly curtailing the states' abilities to maintain segregated educational systems and setting a crucial precedent for civil rights advancements.

The other cases mentioned address different legal issues, such as gun rights, religious practices in schools, and electoral processes, which do not pertain to segregation in education. Thus, they do not relate to limiting state powers over educational segregation.