Which case established the precedent for the Supreme Court's power of judicial review?

The case that established the precedent for the Supreme Court's power of judicial review is Marbury v. Madison. This landmark decision, delivered in 1803, set the foundation for the principle that the Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are constitutional.

In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall articulated that it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. This ruling empowered the judiciary to nullify laws that conflict with the Constitution, thereby asserting the role of the Supreme Court as a co-equal branch of government with the power to check the other branches. The impact of Marbury v. Madison has been profound, influencing countless cases and shaping the balance of power in the U.S. government.

The other options reference significant Supreme Court cases in different contexts, such as civil rights and due process, but they do not address the establishment of judicial review as definitively as Marbury v. Madison.