What is considered the highest law of the land?

The United States Constitution is regarded as the highest law of the land because it establishes the framework for the federal government and outlines the rights of citizens and the powers of government. Its supremacy is reinforced by the Supremacy Clause, which states that the Constitution, along with federal laws and treaties made under its authority, shall be the supreme law of the land. This means that any law or action taken by states or individuals that conflicts with the Constitution is deemed invalid. The Constitution not only unites the states under a central authority but also protects individual rights and liberties, making it fundamental to American democracy and governance.

In contrast, while the Bill of Rights enhances the Constitution by enumerating specific rights held by individuals, it does not serve as the primary governing document. The Declaration of Independence is a historic document expressing the colonies' desire for independence from British rule and does not function as a governing law. The Articles of Confederation, which were an earlier governing framework, proved ineffective in establishing a strong national government and were ultimately replaced by the Constitution due to their limitations.