What does the term "judicial review" mean?

The correct answer highlights that judicial review refers specifically to the power of the courts to declare laws and actions unconstitutional. This process is a critical function in the system of checks and balances established by the Constitution. Through judicial review, the judiciary has the authority to evaluate the actions of the legislative and executive branches and ensure they conform to the Constitution. This means that if a law or government action contradicts constitutional provisions, the courts can invalidate it, thereby protecting individual rights and maintaining the rule of law.

The other options do not accurately describe judicial review. The authority to create or amend laws pertains to the legislative branch, and the process of appointing judges relates to the executive branch and legislative approval, not the function of reviewing laws. The ability to enforce laws falls under the purview of the executive branch, which implements and administers laws rather than adjudicating their constitutionality. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the unique and essential role of judicial review in the legal system.