In which case was the educational policy of racial quotas deemed unconstitutional?

The educational policy of racial quotas was deemed unconstitutional in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. In this landmark case decided in 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the use of rigid racial quotas in university admissions violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case involved Allan Bakke, a white applicant who was denied admission to a medical school that had set aside a specific number of seats for minority applicants. The Court recognized the importance of diversity in education but ruled that certain affirmative action policies that use fixed quotas to achieve diversity are not permissible.

This ruling emphasized that while institutions could consider race as one factor among many in an admissions process to foster diversity, they could not implement a quota system that effectively discriminated based on race. The outcome is significant because it marked a turning point in the legal landscape surrounding affirmative action and educational policies, leading to more nuanced approaches that balance the goals of diversity with the commitment to individual merit and equal protection under the law.